Planning for the Unexpected

Farming comes with its share of unpredictability — from weather extremes and power outages to equipment failures and wildfires. While farmers are known for their ability to adapt and overcome challenges, having an emergency plan in place can make all the difference when the unexpected strikes.

With dry weather increasing wildfire risk and the potential for storms and power disruptions year-round, it’s important to take a proactive approach to farm safety. Here are key steps and considerations to help protect your farm, your family, and your livelihood.

1. Develop a Comprehensive Farm Emergency Plan

Start by outlining a written plan that identifies potential risks for your operation — such as wildfires, floods, severe storms, equipment failures, or livestock emergencies.
Include:

• Emergency contacts (veterinarian, utility company, fire department, Extension office, neighbors, etc.)

• Evacuation routes for family members, employees, and livestock

• Safe zones or holding areas for animals

• Shutoff points for water, gas, and electricity

Post this plan in visible locations, like barns, offices, and equipment sheds, and make sure everyone on the farm is familiar with it.

2. Create a Communication System

In an emergency, clear communication saves time and confusion.

• Keep two-way radios or charged cell phones available in case power or service goes down.

• Establish a check-in system for family members and workers during severe weather or fire warnings.

• Make sure local responders know how to access your property and where livestock are kept.

3. Prepare for Wildfire Risks

With the current dry conditions across Western North Carolina, wildfire preparedness is critical.

• Maintain defensible space by clearing dry leaves, brush, and debris at least 30–50 feet around barns, fuel storage, and feed areas.

• Keep access roads open for emergency vehicles.

• Store fuel, chemicals, and hay in separate, well-ventilated buildings.

• Have fire extinguishers in every building and vehicle — and make sure everyone knows how to use them.

• Designate livestock evacuation areas with access to water and minimal vegetation.

4. Protect Livestock and Feed Supplies

Animals can be highly stressed by smoke, noise, or sudden changes in environment. Plan ahead to ensure their safety:

• Keep identification (ear tags, photos, or brand records) up to date.

• Have portable panels or trailers ready for transport.

• Store extra feed and water in case roads become inaccessible.

• Work with neighbors to establish mutual aid agreements for livestock evacuation or sheltering.

5. Power & Equipment Preparedness

Power outages can disrupt everything from milking systems to water pumps.

• Maintain and test backup generators regularly.

• Keep extra fuel and filters stored safely in case of supply chain disruptions.

• Ensure critical equipment like waterers, lighting, and ventilation can function during outages.

6. Review Insurance and Records

Accurate and up-to-date records can ease recovery after a disaster.

• Maintain digital and paper copies of livestock inventories, equipment lists, and property maps.

• Review your insurance coverage annually to ensure it includes structures, livestock, and business interruption.

7. Partner with Your Local Resources

Remember, you’re not alone in planning or recovery. The N.C. Cooperative Extension, local emergency management, and NRCS can all assist with risk assessment, disaster planning, and recovery support.

Preparedness is Protection

Emergencies can happen without warning — but preparation builds resilience. A well-thought-out emergency plan not only protects your investment, it safeguards the people, animals, and land that make your farm possible.

Taking a few hours this fall to organize, communicate, and prepare could make all the difference when it matters most.

Livestock Emergency Preparedness Plan Checklist